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Bandura provides an extensive view of human agency, highlighting personal agency, interpersonal agency, technological impacts on agency, the significance of self-efficacy, and cultural influence on agency. This article illustrates the main properties of human agency along with the complexities of developing human agency.

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Each of our programs are grounded in supporting the development of human agency in our participants. To accomplish this, we must be deeply aware of what human agency is, how it develops, and the nuances of it.

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“To be an agent is to influence intentionally one’s functioning and life circumstances. In this view, personal influence is part of the causal structure. People are self-organizing, proactive, self-regulating, and self-reflecting. They are not simply onlookers of their behavior. They are contributors to their life circumstances, not just products of them” (Bandura, 2006, p. 164).

“Among the mechanisms of human agency, none is more central or pervasive than belief of personal efficacy (Bandura, 1997). This core belief is the foundation of human agency. Unless people believe they can produce desired effects by their actions, they have little incentive to act, or to persevere in the face of difficulties. Whatever other factors serve as guides and motivators, they are rooted in the core belief that one has the power to effect changes by one’s actions” (Bandura, 2006, p. 170).

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In her article, Magolda (2008) explains the three main elements of self-authorship (epistemological, intrapersonal, and interpersonal) to provide educators with insight into how to best support their learners. Magolda provides a thorough foundation of self-authorship then describes a longitudinal study of 101 students.  

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Self-authorship is central to the programs we offer. Magolda’s article provides us with foundational knowledge in which we can connect our work to and build our work off of.

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“This constructive-developmental tradition surfaces the interconnectivity of how we view the world (the epistemological dimension), how we view ourselves (the intrapersonal dimension), and how we view social relations (the interpersonal dimension)” (Magolda, 2008, p. 271).

“Self-authorship evolves when the challenge to become self-authoring is present and is accompanied by sufficient support to help an individual make the shift to internal meaning making” (Magolda, 2008, p. 271).

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This is an excellent report providing comprehensive coverage and research on what effective role model programs do and do not do. The report provides information on role models, program effectiveness, case studies, and a summary of findings and policy implications.

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This report has been helpful to JVB Consulting because  reading it has allowed us to reflect on the programs we offer. This reflection has confirmed much of the approach we take while also reminding us to be open to revising when we see opportunity to improve.

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“A variety of responses were given to the question about what advice they would give to others setting up a program or other young people participating. Some young people talked about relationships. One boy who had a mentor mentioned that it takes time and you have to be prepared to “wait a while because the relationship builds up and after a few months you'll become friends and trust each other” (MacCallum and Beltman, 2002, p. 81).

“Programs that develop networks to include other significant people and organizations in the lives of the target young people (e.g. parents, welfare agencies, community groups), provide an ongoing support base for the young people. The involvement of a range of people also contributes to changing community attitudes about young people and community processes, as well as opportunities for particular groups of young people, and recognition of the role model program” (MacCallum and Beltman, 2002, p. 104).

“Programs that develop ongoing support networks for young people, especially networks close to the young people (family and peers) or that assist young people to develop strategies of independence and self-reliance may be the most cost-effective in the longer term” (MacCallum and Beltman, 2002, p. 107).

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